Which term describes a measure of the energy transferred during a process?

The term that describes a measure of the energy transferred during a process is work done. Work is defined in physics as the amount of energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance. It is calculated as the product of the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force. When work is done, energy is transferred from one system to another, which aligns with the definition given in the question.

In contrast, power refers to the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred over time, which is not the same as the measure of energy transferred itself. Energy, while closely related, is a broader concept that refers to the capacity to do work, rather than the specific action of transferring energy. Force is a push or pull that can cause an object to accelerate and is not a measure of energy transfer. Therefore, the correct choice, work done, accurately reflects the process of energy transfer in a measurable form.