What type of semiconductor has the majority of charge carriers as negative?

In an N-type semiconductor, the majority of charge carriers are indeed negative, originating from donor atoms that have five valence electrons, such as phosphorus or arsenic. When these atoms are added to a silicon crystal, they donate an extra electron that becomes a free charge carrier. This results in an abundance of electrons, which carry negative charge, making them the majority carriers in N-type materials.

The presence of these additional electrons enhances the conductivity of the semiconductor, allowing it to conduct electric current more effectively compared to pure silicon, which has an equal number of positively charged holes and negatively charged electrons in its intrinsic state. Thus, in N-type semiconductors, electrons are the majority carriers, while holes—created by the absence of electrons—are the minority carriers. This characteristic is crucial for the operation of various electronic devices, including diodes and transistors.