What is the result of increased atomic vibrations in a conductor as temperature rises?

As the temperature of a conductor rises, the atoms within the material begin to vibrate more vigorously. This increased atomic vibration results in a greater number of collisions between the free-moving electrons (which contribute to electrical conductivity) and the lattice ions of the conductor. These collisions impede the flow of electrons, leading to an increase in resistance.

Resistance is a measure of how much a material opposes the flow of electric current. In conductors, as temperature increases, this resistance typically increases as well due to the heightened atomic activity that interferes with electron motion. Consequently, it becomes more challenging for the current to pass through, leading to higher resistance as temperature rises.

The other options are not affected in the same way: conductivity tends to decrease with increasing resistance; voltage is not directly decreased by temperature changes in a conductor without specific circuit conditions; and current can vary based on resistance and applied voltage according to Ohm’s Law, but it does not decrease merely due to temperature if provided with constant voltage.