What is the function of a transformer?

The function of a transformer is to change the voltage level in an alternating current (AC) circuit. This device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where an AC voltage applied to the primary coil creates a changing magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The transformer can either step up or step down the voltage depending on the ratio of turns in the primary coil to the secondary coil.

This ability to alter voltage levels is essential for efficient power transmission and distribution, as higher voltages are used to minimize losses over long distances in electrical grids. This is crucial in applications like power generation and distribution systems, where voltage needs to be adjusted to safe and usable levels for different devices and users.

In contrast, measuring current, converting direct current to alternating current, or storing electrical energy does not reflect the primary operation of a transformer. Each of those functions is performed by different devices, such as ammeters, inverters, or capacitors and batteries, respectively.