What is meant by resonance in physics?

Resonance in physics refers to the situation where an object vibrates at its natural frequency due to the influence of an external force that matches this frequency. This phenomenon leads to a significant increase in amplitude, allowing the object to store and release energy efficiently.

For example, if a tuning fork is struck and held near another tuning fork with the same natural frequency, the second fork will start to vibrate and produce sound, amplifying the initial vibrations. This principle of resonance has practical applications in various fields, such as in musical instruments, where they enhance sound production, and in engineering, where resonance can significantly affect the structural integrity of buildings and bridges if not carefully managed.

The other options do not accurately define resonance. Refraction involves the bending of light, the increase in wave amplitude from collisions describes interference rather than resonance, and sound produced by colliding objects does not relate to the concept of resonance. Therefore, the explanation clearly illustrates how the phenomenon of resonance uniquely involves vibrating at a natural frequency due to external forces.