What concept in quantum physics explains the dual behavior of particles like electrons?

Wave-particle duality is a fundamental concept in quantum physics that describes how particles such as electrons exhibit properties of both particles and waves. This dual behavior is pivotal in understanding various phenomena in quantum mechanics.

In particle-like behavior, electrons can be seen as discrete units, capable of being detected as individual entities with specific locations. Conversely, when considering their wave-like nature, electrons can demonstrate interference and diffraction patterns, which are characteristic of wave phenomena. This wave-particle duality is crucial for explaining several experimental results, such as the double-slit experiment, where electrons create an interference pattern that suggests they are behaving as waves rather than just as particles when not observed.

This concept fundamentally challenges classical physics, which treats particles and waves as mutually exclusive. Instead, wave-particle duality highlights the complexity of quantum systems, where entities can embody and switch between these two forms of behavior depending on the experimental circumstances or the method of observation. This principle is essential for a comprehensive understanding of quantum mechanics and underpins many advanced theories and applications in the field.