The number of coulombs of charge a capacitor can store per volt refers to which term?

The term describing the number of coulombs of charge a capacitor can store per volt is capacitance. This physical property of a capacitor quantifies its ability to store electric charge and is defined mathematically as the ratio of the charge (in coulombs) stored on one plate of the capacitor to the voltage (in volts) across the capacitor.

Capacitance is measured in farads (F), where 1 farad is equivalent to 1 coulomb per volt. This relationship shows that for every unit of voltage applied across the plates of the capacitor, a certain amount of charge will be stored. Thus, capacitance directly indicates how much charge a capacitor can hold for a given voltage, making it fundamental to understanding how capacitors operate in electrical circuits.

Other terms, such as charge density, voltage capacity, and electrical energy, do not accurately describe this relationship. Charge density relates to how charge is distributed over a surface area. Voltage capacity implies a different concept about maximum voltage limits rather than charge storage per volt. Electrical energy, meanwhile, refers to the energy stored in the capacitor, which is dependent on both the capacitance and the voltage, but does not describe the relationship between charge and voltage itself.